Energy Strategy & Foreign Policy Energy Strategy & Foreign Policy

India has relatively limited direct exposure to the Yanbu route. Saudi supplies averaged about 315,000 barrels a day in August, compared with total Indian crude imports of around 4.7 million barrels a day. Indian Refiners Face 40% Crude Cost Surge As Middle East War Disrupts Flows India has relatively limited …

State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) has become one of Türkiye’s largest foreign investors and a core pillar of the Baku–Ankara energy partnership. Since acquiring Petkim in 2008, the Azerbaijani state energy company has built an integrated portfolio spanning petrochemicals, refining, gas transit, logistics, storage, and power …

Iran is shifting trade toward northern ports and land routes as its southern shipping faces a US blockade. Analysts say the corridors can keep essential goods moving, but cannot replace maritime trade. Can land corridors offset the impact of the maritime blockade on Iran? The US-led maritime blockade targeting Iranian ports …

Oil markets are behaving as if the region’s supply problems will soon resolve themselves. That confidence is becoming increasingly difficult to justify.By mid-September 2026, futures prices had repeatedly eased or paused on the basis of limited diplomatic signals, even as three major vulnerabilities were developing at the same time: Iran’s …

The Kingdom Can Withstand the Current Pressure Caused by the Iran War, but Only If It Defines Its Priorities Because of the Iran war, Saudi Arabia has fewer barrels of oil to sell but receives more money for every barrel it does sell. Attacks on energy facilities and the Strait …

US attacks on Iranian oil tankers could make it far harder and more expensive for Tehran to keep selling its crude, but the strategy carries a potentially much larger cost: turning the Persian Gulf’s energy infrastructure into an expanding battlefield. The latest US strikes on three Iranian oil tankers mark …

President Donald Trump’s endorsement of Syria as a possible alternative to the Strait of Hormuz has pushed an old energy-security problem back to the center of Middle Eastern strategy. On September 3, Trump reacted positively to a Washington Post report describing Syria’s effort to market itself as an overland corridor from …

The Eastern Mediterranean’s importance is often measured by its gas discoveries, but reserves acquire strategic value only when they can reach consumers. Egypt’s Zohr, Israel’s Tamar and Leviathan, and Cyprus’s Aphrodite, Glaucus and Cronos have given the basin a substantial resource base. Yet Egypt occupies the pivotal position because its Idku …

Iran’s large-scale fuel losses appear to go beyond the smuggling cited by officials in Tehran, with evidence pointing to organized diversion within the country’s fuel distribution system. Iranian officials repeatedly say around 20 million liters of fuel are smuggled out of the country every day, costing Iran between $4 billion …

With President Donald Trump threatening to launch an “economic D-Day” against Iran, one of the Islamic Republic’s most important wartime lifelines is its geography. And while the resumption of a U.S. naval blockade last month has substantially limited Iran’s maritime trade, land routes are becoming an increasingly vital source of commerce. Located at …